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		<p class="post-meta">
		<time class="dt-published" datetime="2019-09-03T00:00:00-04:00" itemprop="datePublished">Tuesday, September 3, 2019
		</time>• by <span itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"><span class="p-author h-card" itemprop="name">Ron Tarrant</span></span></p>
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		<h1 id="0067-the-expander">0067: The Expander</h1>

<p>Today’s widget example is similar to a <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">TreeView</code> with a <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">TreeStore</code> model, but with only two hierarchy levels, a parent with a single child. It’s also much simpler to use, but if we want to use it to its full potential, we’ll need to do more preparation, code-wise, but let’s start with the dead-simple version and go from there.</p>

<h2 id="a-simple-expander">A Simple Expander</h2>

<!-- 0, 1 -->
<!-- first occurrence of application and terminal screen shots on a single page -->
<div class="screenshot-frame">
	<div class="frame-header">
		Results of this example:
	</div>
	<div class="frame-screenshot">
		<figure>
			<img id="img0" src="../images/screenshots/014_container/container_03.png" alt="Current example output" />		<!-- img# -->
			
			<!-- Modal for screenshot -->
			<div id="modal0" class="modal">																	<!-- modal# -->
				<span class="close0">&times;</span>															<!-- close# -->
				<img class="modal-content" id="img00" />															<!-- img## -->
				<div id="caption"></div>
			</div>
			
			<script>
			// Get the modal
			var modal = document.getElementById("modal0");														// modal#
			
			// Get the image and insert it inside the modal - use its "alt" text as a caption
			var img = document.getElementById("img0");															// img#
			var modalImg = document.getElementById("img00");													// img##
			var captionText = document.getElementById("caption");

			img.onclick = function()
			{
			  modal.style.display = "block";
			  modalImg.src = this.src;
			  captionText.innerHTML = this.alt;
			}
			
			// Get the <span> element that closes the modal
			var span = document.getElementsByClassName("close0")[0];											// close#
			
			// When the user clicks on <span> (x), close the modal
			span.onclick = function()
			{ 
				modal.style.display = "none";
			}
			</script>
			<figcaption>
			Current example output
			</figcaption>
		</figure>
	</div>

	<div class="frame-terminal">
		<figure class="right">
			<img id="img1" src="../images/screenshots/014_container/container_03_term.png" alt="Current example terminal output" />		<!-- img#, filename -->

			<!-- Modal for terminal shot -->
			<div id="modal1" class="modal">																				<!-- modal# -->
				<span class="close1">&times;</span>																		<!-- close# -->
				<img class="modal-content" id="img11" />																		<!-- img## -->
				<div id="caption"></div>
			</div>
			
			<script>
			// Get the modal
			var modal = document.getElementById("modal1");																	// modal#
			
			// Get the image and insert it inside the modal - use its "alt" text as a caption
			var img = document.getElementById("img1");																		// img#
			var modalImg = document.getElementById("img11");																// img##
			var captionText = document.getElementById("caption");

			img.onclick = function()
			{
			  modal.style.display = "block";
			  modalImg.src = this.src;
			  captionText.innerHTML = this.alt;
			}
			
			// Get the <span> element that closes the modal
			var span = document.getElementsByClassName("close1")[0];														// close#
			
			// When the user clicks on <span> (x), close the modal
			span.onclick = function()
			{ 
				modal.style.display = "none";
			}
			</script>

			<figcaption>
				Current example terminal output (click for enlarged view)
			</figcaption>
		</figure>
	</div>

	<div class="frame-footer">																								<!-- ------------- filename (below) --------- -->
		The code file for this example is available <a href="https://github.com/rontarrant/gtkd_demos/blob/master/014_container/container_03_simple_expander.d" target="_blank">here</a>.
	</div>
</div>
<!-- end of snippet for first (1st) occurrence of application and terminal screen shots on a single page -->

<p>For those times when you need to hide/show things, but you don’t want the full-on features of a <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">ComboBox</code> or a <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">TreeView</code> backed by a <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">TreeStore</code>, the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Expander</code> may be just the ticket. And it does the job without all the overhead of either. You can simply stuff one into a container (such as an <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">AppBox</code>) like this:</p>

<div class="language-d highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="k">class</span> <span class="n">AppBox</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Box</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
	<span class="kt">bool</span> <span class="n">expand</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="kc">false</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">fill</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="kc">false</span><span class="p">;</span>
	<span class="kt">uint</span> <span class="n">globalPadding</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">localPadding</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">;</span>
	<span class="n">MyExpander</span> <span class="n">expander</span><span class="p">;</span>
	
	<span class="k">this</span><span class="p">()</span>
	<span class="p">{</span>
		<span class="k">super</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Orientation</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">VERTICAL</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">globalPadding</span><span class="p">);</span>
		
		<span class="n">expander</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">MyExpander</span><span class="p">();</span>
		<span class="n">packStart</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">expander</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">expand</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">fill</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">localPadding</span><span class="p">);</span>
		
	<span class="p">}</span> <span class="c1">// this()</span>

<span class="p">}</span> <span class="c1">// class AppBox</span>
</code></pre></div></div>

<p>Now you’ll notice I’m not using a bare-bones <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Expander</code>, but all I’ve done is follow the convention I laid out for these blog examples and derive <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">MyExpander</code> from <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Expander</code> so as to keep all the details in an easily-managed class/object… like this:</p>

<div class="language-d highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="k">class</span> <span class="n">MyExpander</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Expander</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
	<span class="nb">string</span> <span class="n">label</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="s">"An Expander"</span><span class="p">;</span>
	<span class="kt">bool</span> <span class="n">isMnemonic</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="kc">false</span><span class="p">;</span>
	<span class="n">Label</span> <span class="n">childLabel</span><span class="p">;</span>
	
	<span class="k">this</span><span class="p">()</span>
	<span class="p">{</span>
		<span class="k">super</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">label</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">isMnemonic</span><span class="p">);</span>
		
		<span class="n">childLabel</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">Label</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"Child of expander"</span><span class="p">);</span>
		<span class="n">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">childLabel</span><span class="p">);</span>
		
	<span class="p">}</span> <span class="c1">// this()</span>
	
<span class="p">}</span> <span class="c1">// class MyExpander</span>
</code></pre></div></div>

<p>The <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Expander</code> is derived from the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Bin</code> widget which means working with <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">add()</code> and <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">remove()</code> to stuff things in and—if necessary—yank them out.</p>

<p>The only thing we haven’t seen before is the call to the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Expander</code> constructor whose arguments are:</p>

<ul>
  <li><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">label</code> – the child you want to reveal when the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Expander</code> is expanded, and</li>
  <li><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">isMnemonic</code> – a <em>Boolean</em> that controls whether or not the user can hit an <strong>Alt</strong>+<strong>key</strong> combination to expand/contract the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Expander</code>.</li>
</ul>

<p>Can’t get much simpler than that, but you can get more complicated if you want to reveal more than a single widget when the child container is visible.</p>

<h3 id="a-note-about-the-getexpanded-function">A Note about the getExpanded() Function</h3>

<p>Naturally, if you want to trigger a callback, you’ll be working with the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">onActivate</code> signal, but like any engineer will say about the flow of electricity in the real world: it works the opposite of what you may expect.</p>

<p>Hooking up the signal is the same as always, but polling <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">getExpanded()</code> to find the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Expander</code>’s state means the callback will need to be written like this:</p>

<div class="language-d highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>	<span class="kt">void</span> <span class="n">doSomething</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Expander</span> <span class="n">expander</span><span class="p">)</span>
	<span class="p">{</span>
		<span class="n">writeln</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"Expander was clicked and..."</span><span class="p">);</span>
		
		<span class="k">if</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">getExpanded</span> <span class="p">==</span> <span class="kc">false</span><span class="p">)</span>
		<span class="p">{</span>
			<span class="n">writeln</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"Expander is expanded, child revealed."</span><span class="p">);</span>
		<span class="p">}</span>
		<span class="k">else</span>
		<span class="p">{</span>
			<span class="n">writeln</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"Expander child is now hidden."</span><span class="p">);</span>
		<span class="p">}</span>
		
	<span class="p">}</span> <span class="c1">// doSomething()</span>
</code></pre></div></div>

<p>Intuitively you might think expanded means the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Expander</code> is… well, expanded, but it doesn’t. I don’t know if there’s a reason for this, but if I find out there is one, I’ll let you know.</p>

<h2 id="a-more-crowded-expander">A More Crowded Expander</h2>

<!-- 2, 3 -->
<!-- second occurrence of application and terminal screen shots on a single page -->
<div class="screenshot-frame">
	<div class="frame-header">
		Results of this example:
	</div>
	<div class="frame-screenshot">
		<figure>
			<img id="img2" src="../images/screenshots/014_container/container_04.png" alt="Current example output" />		<!-- img# -->
			
			<!-- Modal for screenshot -->
			<div id="modal2" class="modal">																<!-- modal# -->
				<span class="close2">&times;</span>														<!-- close# -->
				<img class="modal-content" id="img22" />														<!-- img## -->
				<div id="caption"></div>
			</div>
			
			<script>
			// Get the modal
			var modal = document.getElementById("modal2");													// modal#
			
			// Get the image and insert it inside the modal - use its "alt" text as a caption
			var img = document.getElementById("img2");														// img#
			var modalImg = document.getElementById("img22");												// img##
			var captionText = document.getElementById("caption");

			img.onclick = function()
			{
			  modal.style.display = "block";
			  modalImg.src = this.src;
			  captionText.innerHTML = this.alt;
			}
			
			// Get the <span> element that closes the modal
			var span = document.getElementsByClassName("close2")[0];										// close#
			
			// When the user clicks on <span> (x), close the modal
			span.onclick = function()
			{ 
				modal.style.display = "none";
			}
			</script>
			<figcaption>
			Current example output
			</figcaption>
		</figure>
	</div>

	<div class="frame-terminal">
		<figure class="right">
			<img id="img3" src="../images/screenshots/014_container/container_04_term.png" alt="Current example terminal output" /> 		<!-- img#, filename -->

			<!-- Modal for terminal shot -->
			<div id="modal3" class="modal">																			<!-- modal# -->
				<span class="close3">&times;</span>																	<!-- close# -->
				<img class="modal-content" id="img33" />																	<!-- img## -->
				<div id="caption"></div>
			</div>
			
			<script>
			// Get the modal
			var modal = document.getElementById("modal3");																// modal#
			
			// Get the image and insert it inside the modal - use its "alt" text as a caption
			var img = document.getElementById("img3");																	// img#
			var modalImg = document.getElementById("img33");															// img##
			var captionText = document.getElementById("caption");

			img.onclick = function()
			{
			  modal.style.display = "block";
			  modalImg.src = this.src;
			  captionText.innerHTML = this.alt;
			}
			
			// Get the <span> element that closes the modal
			var span = document.getElementsByClassName("close3")[0];													// close#
			
			// When the user clicks on <span> (x), close the modal
			span.onclick = function()
			{ 
				modal.style.display = "none";
			}
			</script>

			<figcaption>
				Current example terminal output (click for enlarged view)
			</figcaption>
		</figure>
	</div>

	<div class="frame-footer">																							<!--------- filename (below) ------------>
		The code file for this example is available <a href="https://github.com/rontarrant/gtkd_demos/blob/master/014_container/container_04_extended_expander.d" target="_blank">here</a>.
	</div>
</div>
<!-- end of snippet for second (2nd) occurrence of application and terminal screen shots on a single page -->

<p>To stuff more widgets into an <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Expander</code>’s child area, I opted for the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Grid</code> as a container. Stick a <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Grid</code> in there and follow <a href="./0042-custom-dialog-i.html">the guidelines I laid out in the post covering customized <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Dialog</code> windows</a> and you should have no trouble getting a decent layout happening.</p>

<p>Here’s the derived <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Grid</code> I used (it’s based on the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">PadGrid</code> from <a href="https://github.com/rontarrant/gtkd_demos/blob/master/013_dialogs/dialog_10_custom_content_area.d">the custom <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Dialog</code> example</a>):</p>

<div class="language-d highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="k">class</span> <span class="n">ExpanderChildGrid</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Grid</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
	<span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">leftStartColumn</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">topStartRow</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">extendToRight</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">extendToDown</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
	<span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">borderWidth</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">;</span>
	<span class="kt">uint</span> <span class="n">globalPadding</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">localPadding</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
	<span class="n">PadLabel</span> <span class="n">childLabel01</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">childLabel02</span><span class="p">;</span>
	<span class="n">BoxJustify</span> <span class="n">bJustify</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">BoxJustify</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">LEFT</span><span class="p">;</span> 
	<span class="nb">string</span> <span class="n">labelText01</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="s">"Child of expander"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">labelText02</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="s">"Another child of expander"</span><span class="p">;</span>
	
	<span class="k">this</span><span class="p">()</span>
	<span class="p">{</span>
		<span class="k">super</span><span class="p">();</span>
		
		<span class="n">childLabel01</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">PadLabel</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">bJustify</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">labelText01</span><span class="p">);</span>
		<span class="n">attach</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">childLabel01</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">leftStartColumn</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">topStartRow</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">extendToRight</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">extendToDown</span><span class="p">);</span>
		
		<span class="n">childLabel02</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">PadLabel</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">bJustify</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">labelText02</span><span class="p">);</span>
		<span class="n">attach</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">childLabel02</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">leftStartColumn</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">topStartRow</span> <span class="p">+</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">extendToRight</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">extendToDown</span><span class="p">);</span>
		
		<span class="n">setMarginLeft</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">);</span>
		
	<span class="p">}</span> <span class="c1">// this()</span>
	
<span class="p">}</span> <span class="c1">// class ExpanderChildGrid</span>
</code></pre></div></div>

<p>When I borrowed this piece of code, the other thing I changed was that ‘<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">pJustify</code>’ became ‘<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">bJustify</code>’ because it makes more sense… considering that it’s a <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">BoxJustify</code> variable. (I don’t remember why I originally called it ‘<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">pJustify</code>,’ but likely because I first called it ‘PadJustify’. Not important, but there it is.)</p>

<p>If you also grab the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">PadLabel</code> and <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">HPadBox</code> classes from the custom <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Dialog</code> example, along with the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">BoxJustify</code> enum, you’ll be all set to cram whatever you want into the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Expander</code>’s child <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Bin</code>.</p>

<h2 id="conclusion">Conclusion</h2>

<p>And there you have it, yet another way to hide child widgets inside a parent widget, this one seemingly with one foot in the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">ComboBox</code> camp and the other in the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">TreeView</code>/<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">TreeStore</code> camp and yet, easier to use than either.</p>

<p>Hope you found this as revealing as I did (no pun intended… honest). Until next time.</p>

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